Population Genetics Lab Ap Biology

LIFESTYLE THREAT TO HEALTH SYSTEMS AND RETIREMENT

is accentuated aging of the population in rich countries
Fewer and fewer assets to keep liabilities, in the world's population, says a study released in the United States.

The aging population is growing in the richest countries and threatens their way of life, threatening their health systems and retirement. In 1950 the world had 12 people working for every retired person or more than 65 years. In 2010 this ratio dropped to 9, says a study by the Population Reference Bureau (PRB).

In 40 years, when the average student of the Faculty of Economics, UNE, has the opportunity to apply for a retirement, ie, in 2050, the ratio of assets held for more older persons will be 4 to 1, says the research institute non-profit specializing in the analysis of demographic data, mainly supplied by the United Nations. "Today we witness a double tendency of the global population." On the one hand, we have a chronically low fertility in industrialized countries, which begins to compromise the health and financial security of older "

"On the other hand, developing countries every year added more than 80 million individuals in the population. Solo the poorest of these countries account for 20 million each year, increasing poverty in the world and pressure on the environment "

The world population in 2010 to 6,900 million people, and all growth lies in developing countries. The people of Africa, for example, will have doubled by 2050 and will reach 2,000 million. By contrast, developed countries, which are 1,200 million people will attend the aging population. In Japan, for example, where the fertility rate dropped to 1.4 children per woman, only there are 3 adults per retiree, the relationship lowest in the world with Germany and Italy, said the report. In 2050 Japan will have no more than an adult of working age for every retiree. Germany, Italy and France will have a ratio of 2 to 1. United States, currently with a ratio of five assets for every person, will drop to 3 to 1.

population of 7,000 MILLION

"The world population will reach in 2010 to 7,000 million people, just twelve years after having reached the 6,000," says study .

The study provides comparisons say much about the evolution of the population. Thus, Ethiopia and Germany now has almost the same population (85 and 82 million respectively), but the Ethiopian population will double by 2050, while Germany will fall to 72 million due to a very low fertility rate (1.3 children per woman, against 5.4 per woman in Ethiopia).

ECONOMIC CRISIS

The economic crisis also seems to have caused a decline in birth rates in industrialized countries, the report said, citing among other countries, Spain and the A gone.

With the approach presented here, the student must reconcile the academic content of Units 8, 10 and 11 to be developed soon.

(Prof. Andrew Laconich, Source: Population Reference Bureau, PRB)

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OUTLOOK FOR GRAINS AND GRAIN IS INCREASED 15% TO 40% rise in agricultural prices over the next decade, predicts the FAO

Agricultural Commodities

increase between 2010 and 2019 and far away compared to the previous decade, although without reaching the peaks of 2007-2008, according to the latest outlook for agriculture developed by the OECD and FAO.

The joint paper by the Organization of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) indicates that both increased production and consumption of agricultural products will led by emerging countries.

Grains rise between 15% and 40%

OECD and FAO estimate that over the next ten years the prices of grain and coarse grains will increase an average of between 15% and 40% in real terms compared to the reference period 1997-2006.

40% Oil and dairy 16%

The forecast increase in vegetable oils is estimated at around 40%, while dairy products will make between 16% and 45%.

The document emphasizes that the factors that play an important role in increasing prices and demand is sustained economic growth long-term emerging markets and increased production of bioenergy.

An increase, the latter argued, inter alia, by high oil prices and development policies and incentives promoted in countries like U.S. or the European Union (EU).

Another significant data that produced the report states that agricultural production will grow more slowly in the next 10 years than in the previous decade, although it will remain in line with population growth.

In this area, estimates of the FAO and the OECD confirms that the increased production will reach 70% needed to meet demand population in 2050.

Presenting the document, explained that he foresees a situation where population growth is higher than production, although he stressed the importance that governments carry out policies to support production.

The report stresses that are necessary investments aimed at increasing production and productivity to address this situation and highlights a trade with clear rules.

recommended analysis of this chapter, so as to identify appropriate strategies for possible policy long-term growth, structuring appropriate fiscal and monetary plans.

(Prof. Andrew Laconich)

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HOUSING DEFICIT = growth of construction and real estate

The growth of real estate, as in the first half of the year was reported as nearly 10%, is leading to a interesting competition between banks and financial intermediaries. Provide long-term loans to their clients, and realize joint ventures with the public sector has led fortunately to significant liquidity has strengthened the capacity of the respective portfolios of these intermediaries and related sectors of the formal construction and real estate sector.

rate with downward trends, long term financing, excess liquidity in the financial system, associated with a strong housing deficit at the level of urban centers are more representative of the country (estimated at 800,000 units ) are factors that combined to monetary policy undertaken by the Central Bank of Paraguay, both for banks, finance companies and cooperatives, which added its own resources, with provided by the Development Finance Agency (AFD), have consolidated to plan expenditure (aggregate demand) secured for the medium and long term, I definitely have a positive impact throughout the production chain construction sector, characterized primarily by including one of the most vulnerable elements of our migrant workers, which is that with modest and lower income rating.

to continue operating the manufacture of cement in regular amounts, we will have a guaranteed income for a medium-term period, allowing a balanced growth of this sector which is closely related to other sectors of GDP.

recommend reading accompany the formation of curves IS / LM for a better understanding of this economic process.

(Prof. Andrew Laconich)

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The Credit for the Poor, a new experience in Argentina

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U.S.: Senate approves financial reform

The United States Senate approved on Thursday by 60 votes to favor and 39 against an ambitious reform of the U.S. financial system, leaving the text of 2,300 pages ready to be signed next week President Barack Obama.

The complex reform, which will be realized three years after the start of the financial crisis, set limits on the activity of banks and offers more protection to consumers, hoping to avoid a new crisis the financial system triggered in 2008.

The Senate vote ends more than a year of parliamentary debate began when President Barack Obama proposed the reform in June 2009. The Chamber of Representatives approved it last month. International Treaty

The rule creates a regulatory body to oversee the overall risks to the financial system and the big banks will have to increase their reserve funds to ensure they have liquidity in times of crisis.

also requires the reform of rating agencies and tries to shed more transparency in the derivatives market, used by some of the perpetrators of financial collapse.

The U.S. Treasury secretary, Timothy Geithner, said after learning of the approval, the reform contributes to a growing international consensus on the need to tighten the rules governing the banking business.

"Then our goal," Geithner said, "is to negotiate an international treaty requiring large banks to allocate more reserves, a much bigger financial cushion to absorb losses."

What will change with this law?

reform obligations creates hundreds of rating agencies, banks and investment funds at risk.

consumer protection agency

The law creates a special office to handle relations between the bank and its client, which will act as an advocate for the public. That agency is responsible for ensuring that compliance with the wish of President Obama that loan and credit cards are written in a "language that everyone can understand" and assist those who have been victims of unscrupulous lenders. Also monitor the banks do not charge high rates to business transactions made by credit card.

agencies may not grant mortgage loans or loans that recipients can not pay and are prevented from increasing interest rates to customers who have qualified for lower levels. Consumers will also be protected from high penalties for loans or for early payment.

derivatives markets

One of the main aspects of the law is forcing financial institutions to report all transactions made in the derivatives market. Transactions are estimated at U.S. $ 600 billion per year currently unsupervised and where the problems started that generated the crisis of 2007-08. This market will now fall under the supervision of regulatory authorities, which will detect problems before they affect the health of the economy. Institutions participating in this market should ensure that their funds cover the operations they perform.

No more bailouts

The federal government will now have the authority to intervene and eventually liquidate banks and other institutions to confront problems, rather than assist them with public funds as had been done before crisis of 2008.

addition, the emergency loan program of the Federal Reserve, equivalent to the Central Bank will be audited to determine the destination of the funds used to prop financial institutions affected by the crisis.

credit rating agencies

Offices which are responsible for assessing the credit may not benefit financially from their support investments that are considered high risk and should respond if these are unsuccessful.

New controls these agencies will be accountable for the reliability of their reports, if the investments they have recommended not prove advantageous or reliable as they may have said that they were, to the point that investors can bring claims legal companies who have submitted information makeup or hidden details on programs considered risky.

(Source BBC)

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How to measure poverty?

quantify poverty is not easy. The indicators of poverty and data about people in the end largely determine the country's public policies, however, the figures by themselves are not able to show the complexity of reality, so many question assertiveness.
much so that the United Nations Program for Development (UNDP) decided to replace the measurement of multidimensional poverty index for developing Development Report Human, published annually. The next will be released in late October.
New index, but is poorer
With these changes come to light new realities. For example, a study based on Multidimensional Poverty Index (WPI) indicates that there are more poor in eight states in India than in the 26 poorest African countries.
IPM, created by Oxford Initiative on Poverty and Human Development (OPHI, for its acronym in English), University of Oxford, and has the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), replaced the poverty index Humana, which used since 1997.
According to the researchers who developed it, the IPM goes beyond an indicator of family income, so it offers a multidimensional picture of people living in poverty. "It's like a high resolution lens that reveals the wide range of problems faced by poor households," said Sabina Alkire, Director of the OPHI and one of its creators .

(Source: BBC)

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There was a boom in consumption and investment

According to Central Bank of Paraguay, in its report on government expenditure grew 13%
(by Prof. Andrew Laconich)

The analysis of this information provided by the country's monetary agency, we must look primarily the behavior of gross capital formation, in other words, states that the expenditures arising from this component will be maintained , for the simple fact that an investment is undertaken, and not be stopped by putting it into production, in contrast to other aspects of the business side or the demand, which may reflect only the income derived cycle, which can be temporary or seasonal .

Any doubts that may arise will receive in the class, to any member of the class macroeconomics.

From the perspective of spending, it was noted that domestic demand grew by 9.1% in terms of annual rate. Among its components shows that the Total Consumption (CT) had an increase of 8.1% and the Gross Capital Formation (GCF) also provided a surge of 14.7%, both in the same term.

Fundamentally, this behavior is linked to better economic environment, which renewed the agents' expectations, causing the one hand, an increase in purchases of durable and nondurable goods, and on the other, greater dynamism in investment, both private and public sectors, especially in civil construction and infrastructure, resulting in strong growth in domestic demand.

Both subcomponents of total consumption in this way show similar behavior. Thus, public consumption showed a significant expansion of 12.9%. For their part, private consumption also had a significant increase of 7.5%, after passing for four consecutive quarters of falls.

The greatest contribution of private consumption was 5.6 percentage points, followed by FBK incidence of 2.4 points of GDP. Net exports and government consumption contributed 1.9 and 1.1 percentage points, respectively, said the report provided by the Bank Central.del Paraguay

On the other hand, exports of goods and services showed a increase of 26.2% in annual terms. This result was influenced especially by increases in major export items, reflected in the volume of shipments of soybeans and beef abroad.

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OFFER - Structure of the Economy in First Quarter 2010

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Foz do Iguaçu will host the International Congress of Geosciences in Agosto/2010

American Geophysical Union performs from 8 to 12 August Conference on "2010 Meeting of the Americas." The event will be held at the Convention Center Rafain, is designed for professionals in Geoscience Education, and its update in the areas of Geografíaa, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

During the meeting, teachers from Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina will participate in the educational workshop "Geophysical Information for Teachers." Will be presented results of research in the areas of Earth Science related to lluvis, rocks and soil with emphasis on remote sensing.

Topics of study will include discussion about Geology, Geography, Climate and Meteorology of the American Surl, use of satellite data: Effects of the rocks

lluvis

topics will be conducted on weathering and carbon cycle, forecast the impacts of future climatic changes and water supply; Challenges for educators in teaching on Climate Change, Role of schools, how to inspire future decision makers and sharing of experiences among teachers.

Workshop Registrations are now open and can be made on the site www.agu.org/meetings/ja10/registration/ until 12 July.